In this section, we will introduce terminology used by the ICD (and in health-care professions in general) to describe and categorize various types of disease.Īn infectious disease is any disease caused by the direct effect of a pathogen. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is used in clinical fields to classify diseases and monitor morbidity (the number of cases of a disease) and mortality (the number of deaths due to a disease). For example, most individual infected with herpes simplex virus remain asymptomatic and are unaware that they have been infected. Alzheimers is the most common type of dementia, but there are many kinds. Likewise, fever is indicative of many types of infection, from the common cold to the deadly Ebola hemorrhagic fever.įinally, some diseases may be asymptomatic or subclinical, meaning they do not present any noticeable signs or symptoms. It is caused by physical changes in the brain. Treatment depends on the diagnosis, which is made by colonoscopy and biopsy. Colitis can cause diarrhea, rectal bleeding, abdominal cramps and urgency (frequent and immediate need to empty the bowels). Parasitic pathogens associated with diarrhea include Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum. Ischemic colitis (caused by not enough blood going to the colon). Viral pathogens associated with diarrheal disease include norovirus and rotavirus. Bacterial pathogens associated with diarrheal disease include Vibrio cholerae, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni, and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC).
For example, an individual presenting with symptoms of diarrhea may have been infected by one of a wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Diagnosis is complicated by the fact that different microorganisms can cause similar signs and symptoms in a patient. Leukocytosis: abnormally high number of white blood cellsĬlinicians must rely on signs and on asking questions about symptoms, medical history, and the patient’s recent activities to identify a particular disease and the potential causative agent. Hemolysis: destruction of red blood cells \): Nomenclature of Symptoms AffixĬytopenia: reduction in the number of blood cellsīacteremia: presence of bacteria in blood
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